Contents
2.1. 认识路由¶
2.1.1. 1.路由系统的基本配置¶
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include, re_path
from app1 import views
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('index/', views.index)
]
path()函数的语法格式如下：
path(url正则表达式,视图函数，别名)
有些路由规则使用的是url()函数，Django1.x中的用法
Django2.x和Django3.x向下兼容，仍然可以使用该函数。
2.1.2. 2.【实战】用“路由包含”简化项目的复杂度¶
myshop/urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include, re_path
import app1
import app2
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('index/', views.index),
# path('', include('app1.urls')),
path('', include('app2.urls'))
]
app2/urls.py
from django.urls import path
from app2 import views
urlpatterns = [
path('app2/index/', views.index),
]
app2/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
# Create your views here.
def index(request):
return HttpResponse("app2z中的index方法")
访问http://127.0.0.1:8000/app2/index/
1. 编写带URL参数的路由¶
app2/urls.py
from django.urls import path
from app2 import views
urlpatterns = [
path('app2/show/<int:id>/', views.show),
]
app2/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
# Create your views here.
def show(request,id):
return HttpResponse("app2中的show方法,参数为id,值为"+str(id))
访问http://127.0.0.1:8000/app2/show/1/
2. URL参数解析的加强实例¶
app2/urls.py
from django.urls import path
from app2 import views
urlpatterns = [
path("app2/article/<uuid:id>/", views.show_uuid, name="show_uuid"),
path("app2/article/<slug:q>/", views.show_slug, name="show_slug"),
]
app2/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
# Create your views here.
def show_uuid(request, id):
return HttpResponse("app2中的show_uuid方法,参数为id,值为" + str(id))
def show_slug(request, q):
return HttpResponse("app2中的show_slug方法,参数为q,值为" + str(q))
访问：http://127.0.0.1:8000/app2/article/0000000000000000-999999-000000/
3.【实战】用re_path()方法正则匹配复杂路由¶
3.1 实例¶
app2/urls.py
from django.urls import path, re_path
from app2 import views
urlpatterns = [
re_path('app2/list/(?P<year>\d{4})/', views.article_list),
re_path('app2/page/(?P<page>\d+)&key=(?P<key>\w+)',
views.article_page,
name="article_page"),
]
app2/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
# Create your views here.
def article_list(request, year):
return HttpResponse("app2中的article_list方法,参数为year,指定4位，值为" + str(year))
def article_page(request, page, key):
return HttpResponse("app2中的article_page方法,参数为page,任意数字，值为" + str(page) +
" 参数key，字母数字下划线，值为" + key)
访问上述两条路由规则
4. 反向解析路由¶
在Django的路由配置项中，可以给一个路由配置项命名，然后再视图函数或者模板的HTML中进行调用。
4.1 实例¶
app2/urls.py
from django.urls import path
from app2 import views
urlpatterns = [
path('app2/url_reverse/', views.url_reverse, name='app2_url_reverse'),
]
app2/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
# Create your views here.
def url_reverse(request):
# 使用reverse()方法反向解析
print("在views()函数中使用reverse()方法解析的结果")
return render(request, "2/url_reverse.html")
template/2/url_reverse.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
在HTML中使用url标签进行反向解析
<br>
{% url 'app2_url_reverse' %}
</div>
</body>
</html>
访问：http://127.0.0.1:8000/app2/url_reverse/
输出
在HTML中使用url标签进行反向解析
/app2/url_reverse/